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Laryngeal Cancer
The larynx, or voice box in Latin, is an organ located at the top and front of the trachea in the throat. Responsible for voice and breathing, the larynx is a box-like structure made up of cartilage, connective tissue, and membranes.
Laryngeal cancer occurs when there is uncontrolled growth due to mutations in the cells of the larynx, which consists of three distinct parts, the upper, middle and lower, and is important for speech, swallowing and breathing. Smoking is believed to be the most important factor in the development of laryngeal cancer. To date, scientific research has not identified any risk factor other than smoking and the use of tobacco products that is believed to be directly related to laryngeal cancer. The risk of developing throat cancer, which is much more common in men than in women, is 5 to 35 times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.
When laryngeal cancer is suspected, a number of diagnostic tests are used.
The most common of these is an imaging procedure called laryngoscopy, which allows close examination of the throat and vocal cords. Laryngoscopy, an endoscopic technique, uses a laryngoscope with a camera to provide a detailed view of the larynx and pharynx under light. If a suspicious formation is observed, a biopsy is taken from the area under local or general anesthesia and sent to pathology laboratories for examination.
The pathology report definitively determines the presence or absence of cancer. While treatment is planned for patients who have been diagnosed with cancer, other diagnostic tests are used to determine whether the cancer has spread to other organs and tissues.
Medical imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), neck ultrasound, and some blood tests are the most common.
Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Nasopharyngeal cancer is one of the rarest types of cancer. Although we do not know exactly what causes most nasopharyngeal cancers, we do know some risk factors.
Screening means testing for the disease at an early stage, before symptoms appear. It is not possible to screen for a type of cancer if accurate tests are not available. An accurate test must be reliable in detecting the disease and must not give false positive results in people who do not have cancer.
There is no universal screening program for nasopharyngeal cancers. These cancers are rare. It would be too expensive to screen everyone for a disease that affects only a few people. It would be less expensive to screen people who are considered to be at high risk for rare diseases. But you have to be sure who is at high risk.
Each of the different layers of tissue that make up the nasopharynx contains different types of cells. Each type of cell can also develop into a different type of cancer. It is important for your doctor to know these differences. This will help your doctor decide how best to treat a particular type of cancer. Nasopharyngeal tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign).
